Day 2 :
Keynote Forum
Lutfor Rahman
Independent University Bangladesh, Bangladesh
Keynote: Two new approaches to management of solid tannery waste
Time : 09:00-09:45
Biography:
Lutfor Rahman has obtained his PhD in 1969 at the University of Cambridge under the supervision of Late Professor J W Linnett FRS. He was awarded a Commonwealth Academic Staff Fellowship in 1974 to pursue Postdoctoral research in UK. He has been a Full Professor since 1980. In addition to academic jobs he has held administrative positions like Chairman of a Department, Dean of a Faculty, Pro-Vice Chancellor and Vice Chancellor of a University. Basically a Physical Chemist, his research interests include kinetics, catalysis and environmental chemistry.
Abstract:
Disposal of huge amounts of solid tannery waste is a formidable problem. In Bangladesh, the solid tannery waste has been traditionally disposed off through landfills. Animal feed manufacturers somehow discovered the potential of these wastes to be used in feeds because of their protein content. However, the possible transfer of the toxicity of this waste to common food items like chicken, eggs and fish gave a scare after the publication of some research articles by a number of local scientists. This created a hue and cry and eventually led to the ban on the use of tannery waste in poultry feed. The tannery industries will now have to dump these wastes in properly-constructed expensive landfills. It is unfortunate that such a protein-rich resource is being dumped rather than being utilized. This has prompted a group of scientists of the University of Northampton, England to come forward with an elaborate procedure of removing chromium altogether from the solid waste before using it in the poultry feed. We are proposing an alternative idea in which the formation of highly toxic Cr(VI) will be prevented by taking proper steps at different stages of production of leather and feed. It is estimated that the amount of Cr(III) that enters chicken, eggs and fish through the feed would cause no health risk to consumers. The second approach may be appropriate for Bangladesh. The dumping of solid waste in landfills is not practicable and not in conformity with the present-day idea of industrial symbiosis.
Keynote Forum
A K M Maksud
Grambangla Unnayan Committee, Bangladesh
Keynote: Contribution of the waste pickers of Dhaka city in recycling and waste management
Time : 09:45-10:30
Biography:
A K M Maksud has completed his MSS degree in Sociology from the University of Dhaka and is a student of LLB from the University of London. He has worked as Team Leader for more than 50 social research studies for Government, UN agencies and International NGOs. For the last 19 years, he has been working as the Chief Executive of Grambangla Unnayan Committee (GUC), a nationally reputed NGO.
Abstract:
Waste pickers of Dhaka City collect wastes from households, streets, dustbins, dump sites and sell those to the recycling chain. It is a self-employment opportunity for the urban poor. According to an estimate of Grambangla Unnayan Committee there are 400,000 waste pickers in Bangladesh. Dhaka, a city of around 18 million people and 360 km2 area generates more than 10,000 tons of solid waste every day. The rate of per capita solid waste generation is 0.56 kg. About 15% of the total generated waste is being recycled by the waste pickers. Government sources mentioned that only in Dhaka city, 120,000 poor people are engaged in recycling and reusing wastes and from that business, the country earns approximately US$ 0.2 billion per year. Waste pickers also work with more than 12,000 push vans for collecting kitchen and other inorganic wastes from the household level. Waste pickers’ efforts help create thousands of jobs in recycling industry and reduce the use of virgin resources. Bangladesh earns millions of dollars from exporting recycled plastic bottles. Using plastic and rubber wastes now more than 1000 factories are in production and creating jobs and saving national import expenses. Recycling and reusing of garment factories' wastes created hundreds of new shops, factories and about 150,000 new jobs. Waste pickers contribute free labor for waste collection, recycling and mitigation of climate change effects, but their contribution is invisible in official statistics and they are excluded from the national social security system.
Keynote Forum
Padma Singh
Gurukul Kangri University, India
Keynote: Screening of bacteria for bioplastic production
Time : 10:45-11:30
Biography:
Padma Singh is a Professor and Head of the Department of Microbiology, Girls Campus, Gurukul Kangri University, India. She has obtained her MSc degree (Gold Medal) and PhD from Jiwaji University, Gwalior (MP). She has published more than 80 research papers and review articles in various national and international journals. She has been honored with National APSI Award and Gold Medal in 2005-06 for organizing APSI national conference. She is a Member of various academic professional bodies like AMI, IBS, ISCA, DUBS, APSI, and was awarded FAPSI and FBS. Her major research includes antimicrobial potential interest of medicinal plant, biodeterioration, bioremediation and biodegradation.
Abstract:
About 140 million tons of plastic are consumed every year worldwide, which necessitates the processing of approximately 150 million tons of fossil fuels and directly causes immense amounts of waste that can take thousands of years to naturally deteriorate, if it degrades at all. Bacteria have the ability to produce bioplastics in the form of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and they are capable of producing PHA from various carbon sources ranging from inexpensive, complex waste effluents to alkanes, fatty acids, plant oils and as well as simple carbohydrates. The major barrier to wide acceptance of bioplastic is the high cost, particularly carbonaceous raw materials (40%) and polymer recovery (26%). Therefore, the aim of the present study is to focusing on identification of alternative cost effective substrate for the production of PHA. Isolation of bacterial strains for the screening of PHA producing ability carried out by using different oils as carbon source. The samples were collected from edible and lubricating oil contaminated soil from garage and workshop. Isolation of bacterial strain was performed by serial dilution, spread plate and enrichment technique. Screening was carried out by the Nile Blue A and Sudan Black B staining. The total number of colony forming unit was 134×105 to 3×108 (Edible oil) and 75×105 to 26×108 (Lubricating oil). Out of 21 isolates from edible oil and lubricating oil, 2 bacterial strain (E.O 1 and E.O 4) were fluoresce on plate with Nile blue A indicates the positive result and show characteristic granule with Sudan Black B, indicating the presence of PHAs. Bacterial strains were identified as Pseudomonas sp., (edible oil), -rods and Bacillus sp. (Lubricating oil), +rods. Production of PHA through these strains will be carried out to get the sufficient amount of bioplastic.
- Hazardous Waste Management|Waste to Energy| Recycling Business|Plastic Waste Recycling | Paper Recycling|Printing Waste Recycling|Rubber Recycling
Location: Seletar Foyer
Chair
Ann T W Yu
Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
Co-Chair
Ameer A Al-Haddad
Kuwait University, Kuwait
Session Introduction
Mohamed Shehata
Hokkaido University, Japan
Title: Novel method for removal Pb+2 from drinking water using recombinant E. coli
Time : 11:30-12:00
Biography:
Mohamed Shehata has completed his Masters in Water Pollution from Al-Azhar University, Egypt. His research was about the water quality of Lake El-Manzala (one of the biggest and economic lakes in Egypt providing 30% of total fish production). He is interested in finding an efficient and cheap way for removing lead from the water
Abstract:
Recycling of drinking water is one the biggest concern for many of developing countries due to the shortage of clean or renewable water. Low-quality drinking water has been cited as an important factor of many of chronic and acute diseases which effects health and economic situation in different countries. In Egypt, the contamination of drinking water with heavy metals reported as a strong reason for chronic diseases such as renal failure, liver cirrhosis, hair loss and chronic anemia. The existence methods for heavy metals removal from drinking water including coagulation, flocculation or filtration are not efficient to remove some metals like Pb, Cd and Cr properly. In this work, we propose genetically modified bacteria that have an ability to adsorb low concentrations of Pb+2 from drinking water with 100% efficiency. After adsorption, bacteria could be removed from circumstance using filtration resulting in water free of Pb+2 and bacteria. Metallothionein and lead binding protein were transformed independently or together as a fusion protein with Ag43 auto transporter system to be secreted outside bacterial cells and exposed to adsorb (lead) Pb+2 from contaminated water. Antigen 43 gene (Ag43) which consists of two domains, α (secreted outside bacterial cells) and β (making a barrel structure in cell wall) has been modified as a fusion protein system. Using this ability to expose protein outside bacterial cell, we replaced α-domain of Ag43 with Metallothionein (Mt), Lead Binding Protein (LBP) or both Mt-Pb domains. After incubating the clones expressing wild type Ag43, Ag43 without α-domain (AT), AT with Mt (AT-Mt), AT with LBP (AT-Pb) and AT with Mt and LBP (AT-Mt-Pb) with water containing 100 mg/l of Pb+2, the remains amounts of Pb+2 were 32.2, 49.5, 18.1, 11.9 and 3.1 mg/l, respectively after one hour incubation and 31.17, 37.17, 7.67, 1.67 and 0.0 mg/l, respectively after 12 hours incubation. These findings considered as a promising specific and efficient method for removing Pb+2 from contaminated water.
Le Zhang
National University of Singapore, Singapore
Title: Effect of adding small amount of food waste on biogas production and microbial community structure during anaerobic digestion of discarded sludge pretreated yard waste
Time : 12:00-12:30
Biography:
Le Zhang is currently a PhD candidate in Department of Chemical and Bio-molecular Engineering from National University of Singapore. His research field is biogas production from anaerobic digestion of solid organic wastes, including food waste, yard waste, etc.
Abstract:
In order to promote biogas production from anaerobic digestion of yard waste (YW), an integrated method coupled adding small amount of food waste (FW) with discarded sludge pretreatment (DSP) was investigated. DSP experiment was firstly conducted, where pH, cellulose and hemicellulose of mixture were dynamically tested to determine optimal additive amount of FW as 10 wt.%. Subsequently, anaerobic batch fermentation of pretreated YW with different percentage of FW was conducted to investigate effect of FW on methane production and microbial community structure. Results indicated that, 3-4 days was the optimal pretreatment period. 10 wt.% FW addition significantly improved methane yield of YW with DSP by 124%. Beneficial microbial community components were significantly enhanced by adding 10 wt.% FW, thereby more cellulose and hemicellulose were digested.
Xin Xu
Seoul National University, South Korea
Title: Assessment of hydraulic conductivity of waste landfill liner materials by using modified bentonite under sea water condition
Time : 12:30-13:00
Biography:
Xin Xu is currently a PhD candidate at Seoul National University and his major is Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. His research is about development of technology for offshore waste final disposal.
Abstract:
Leachates resulting from the waste landfill of waste can possibly cause the secondary environmental pollution. Liner has been installed in the reclaimed land of waste to block and purify permeation water flowing into groundwater and environment. This research is to develop spherical particle liner system by using modified bentonite for offshore waste final disposal. The particles include of core materials and coating materials which have high swelling capacity and low permeability. Liner materials should have high water resistance capacity and permeability coefficient below 1×10-7 cm/s under sea water condition. In this study, the core materials coated by the mixture of bentonite, sepiolite and guar gum to overcome the weak points of bentonite. Drying shrinkage cracking test and swelling index test was estimated to find the optimal mixing ratio of bentonite, sepiolite and guar gum. The hydraulic conductivity of the particle was also evaluated by using the rigid-wall permeameter. Through drying shrinkage cracking test results, we have found the content of sepiolite in the bentonite-sepiolite mixture is 15%. From free swelling test results, when weight ratios of guar gum in coating materials exceeding 7.5%, the swelling index of coating materials under sea water condition was higher than bentonite-sepiolite mixture without guar gum under fresh water condition. When weight ratios of guar gum exceeding 5% in coating materials, the hydraulic conductivity of the coating materials from rigid-wall permeameter was below 1.0×10-7 cm/s under sea water condition. The hydraulic conductivity of particles was below 1.0×10-7 cm/s by using rigid-wall permeameter.
Alvin Ee Wei Lianga
National University of Singapore, Singapore
Title: Extended inherent safety index: Inclusion of biological inherent safety index
Time : 14:00-14:30
Biography:
Alvin Ee Wei Lianga is a Research Engineer with the National University of Singapore, Singapore. His research interest is in the area of safety, health and environment. He has received Process Safety Award in 2016 from Institute of Chemical Engineering, Singapore.
Abstract:
With the increase in global population, more wastes are generated requiring new waste management strategies to be introduced in order to support conventional waste treatment facilities. These strategies rely on the diversification of waste treatment technologies which are no longer deployed exclusively as centralized facilities of large capacity, but can be integrated in decentralized manner. One of the key concerns with selection of waste treatment methods is safety. This is critical for different waste treatment plants: Large capacity plants outside of cities can generate risk of important release of contaminant, such as dioxins, while decentralized small capacity plants can introduce risks through their proximity to urban community. However, limited number of tools includes safety assessment in the conceptual design stage of waste management system helping to tackle potential safety issue at minimum cost. In addition, no tool is able to assess both inherent safety of chemical and biological processes profile of the treatment options, and hence, unable to provide a fair comparison across different waste-treatment technologies. Indeed, currently available tools are designed for a single type of process and involve different evaluation parameters and scoring procedures. This motivates the development of the Extended Inherent Safety Index (EISI) for a comprehensive safety assessment of chemical and biological processes involved in waste-treatment. The proposed tool applicability to assess safety profile of both chemical and biological process is tested with case studies, comprising of food waste treatment technologies in Singapore. It helps to identify safety hotspots within each processes leading to improvements recommendations.
Tong Huanhuan
National University of Singapore, Singapore
Title: Harvest green energy through energy recovery from waste: The story of Singapore
Time : 14:30-15:00
Biography:
The increasing challenge in waste disposal and high dependency on imported fossil fuel has compelled Singapore to make continuous efforts in advancing waste to energy (WTE) technology, which could ensure sustainable development on one hand and energy resilience on the other hand. This paper summarized current WTE practice and research trend in Singapore, covering anaerobic digestion (AD), gasification, combustion based biomass combined heat and power (CHP) production and incineration with the aim to define future perspectives of Singapore WTE application. Among the different aspects assessed, source-separated food waste (FW) and brown water presented the biggest energy potential if AD rather than incineration was adopted. Given that the purity of source separated waste determines the extent of recovered energy, suggestions are made to increase the participating rate in source separation among Singapore residents, such as environmental education through social media and phone apps and proper facilities installation at household and community.
Abstract:
The increasing challenge in waste disposal and high dependency on imported fossil fuel has compelled Singapore to make continuous efforts in advancing waste to energy (WTE) technology, which could ensure sustainable development on one hand and energy resilience on the other hand. This paper summarized current WTE practice and research trend in Singapore, covering anaerobic digestion (AD), gasification, combustion based biomass combined heat and power (CHP) production and incineration with the aim to define future perspectives of Singapore WTE application. Among the different aspects assessed, source-separated food waste (FW) and brown water presented the biggest energy potential if AD rather than incineration was adopted. Given that the purity of source separated waste determines the extent of recovered energy, suggestions are made to increase the participating rate in source separation among Singapore residents, such as environmental education through social media and phone apps and proper facilities installation at household and community.
Anshu Priya
Indian Institute of Technology Patna, India
Title: Recycling based comprehensive characterization of waste printed circuit boards of various brown and white goods
Time : 15:00-15:30
Biography:
Anshu Priya is a PhD Scholar at the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, India. She has earned her BSc in Industrial Microbiology and MSc in Biotechnology. She is working on characterization, management and recovery of metals from electronic waste with special emphasis on bioleaching of metals from end-of-life electrical and electronic equipments. Her research interest includes areas of bio hydrometallurgy, environmental biotechnology, microbiology, molecular biology and metal-microbe interactions.
Abstract:
Comprehensive characterization of printed circuit board (PCB) of end-of-life electrical and electronic equipment (EEEs) is critical attribute in determination of resource content of e-waste for recycling. Though PCBs in e-waste are documented as valuable secondary metals reservoir, precise information related to their physical and chemical characteristics including metals content encompassing various brands of waste EEEs is sparse in the existing literature. Thus, the main objective of this research is to comprehensively characterize two brands of PCBs from each of 16 end-of-life EEEs classified as brown and white goods for general and precious metals along with moisture content, volatile matter and pH for recycling purpose. Results revealed that large percent share of waste PCBs of brown goods are occupied by general elements such as Cu (highest: 23 wt. % in laptop), Al (highest: 6 wt. % in computer), Pb (highest: 15 wt. % in DVD player) and Ba (highest: 7 wt. % in TV), which make them rich secondary resource. Precious metals, Au and Ag were found to be prevalent in brown goods PCBs with highest content of Au in mobile phone (316 g/ton) and Ag in laptop (636 g/ton). It can be inferred from the study that brown goods PCBs will serve as potential resource reservoir than white goods for the purpose of metals recycling owing to their higher content of general and precious metals. Comprehensive characterization of waste PCBs of brown and white goods thus helps to develop analogy between metals content and prioritization of metals for recycling to ensure efficient resource circulation
Jae-Hoon Lee
Korea Environment Corporation, South Korea
Title: Suitableness assessment of solid fuels through the analysis for moisture and low-heating value in domestic manufactures
Time : 15:45-16:00
Biography:
Jae-Hoon Lee has completed his Masters from In-Ha University majoring Environmental Engineering. Presently, he is in charge of the analysis of waste and SRF (Solid Refuse Fuels) in Korea Environment Corporation.
Abstract:
The purpose of this study is to investigate the actual use value for an alternative energy resource as analyzing the correlation between moisture and low-heating value for waste solid fuels. The types of solid fuels produced in various manufacturing facilities are divided into two categories of Bio-SRF (Solid Refuse Fuels) and SRF including in pellet and fluff type. According to the specific classification of samples, It is determined that 68 from SRF of pellet type, 53 from SRF of fluff type, 25 from Bio-SRF of pellet type and 86 from Bio-SRF of fluff type has been statistically examined at the total of 234 samples. In result of measurement on moisture and low-heating value, 7.4% SRF of the pellet type samples, 18.9% SRF of the fluff type samples, 16.0% Bio-SRF of the pellet type samples and 9.3% Bio-SRF of the fluff type samples could not meet the criteria for the quality and grade. In total, 11.6% of samples were failed. Especially, five samples out of the total 27, which was exceeding, were found to be highly affected by low-heating value due to moisture. In conclusion, we consider that the most of solid fuel, which was approximately 88.6%, is included within the standard of Korea.
Edmundo Arturo Pérez GodÃnez
Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Mexico
Title: Evaluation of the quality of vermicompost after two methods of pre-composting several zoo animal dung and their growth and reproductive index of Eisenia foetida (Sav.)
Time : 16:00-16:15
Biography:
Edmundo Arturo Pérez-Godínez has his expertise in management and recycling of organic matter and producer of organic fertilizers. He is the Founding Member of the Program of Genetic Resources and Alternative Cultures PREGECA from 1995 to date. He is in charge of the Institutional Laboratory of Edible Mushrooms of the Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Trainer in production of organic fertilizers and cultivation of edible fungi and has certificate of Labor Competence of Unit issued by the National Council of Standardization and Certification of Labor Competences (CONOCER). He is the Founder of the Competence Evaluation Center at the Continuing Education Center (CEC) 2008.
Abstract:
The increasing amount of zoo animal dung generated quantities of 26.71 ton per year which are disposed on the Board of Xochiaca, Mexico. Their management of waste disposal such as land filling, open dumping or open burning are unsustainable owing to loading and production of certain toxic substances and gases from the wastes, which may have potential adverse effects on the environment, health and biodiversity. In this study, samples of four zoo animals’ dungs (elephants, rhinoceros, hippopotamus and lion) and one horse dung was pre-composted in two ways: (1) Traditional composting and (2) Bokashi pre-composting for 1 month, followed by vermicomposting for 3 months. The permanence (PEf) and reproductive potential (RP) of Eisenia foetida as well as the quality of vermicomposting were evaluated. The PEf values and RP index of E. foetida were higher for samples pre-composted using the traditional composting method (98.7-88% and 31.85-16.27%, respectively) followed by vermicomposting (92.7-72.7% and 22.96-13.51%, respectively), when compared with those for bokashi pre-composted samples followed by vermicomposting, except for the horse dung sample (100% for both the parameters). The values of electrical conductivity (EC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic C, total N, available P, C/N ratio and pH showed that both treatments achieved the norms of vermicompost. However, vermicomposting after bokashi pre-composting produced the highest values of %OM loss, %N loss and CEC/OC ratio, when compared with those achieved by vermicomposting after pre-composting using the traditional composting method. The two methods applied in the present study appear to be a good alternative to treat zoo animal dung waste and convert it into valuable nutritional material for plants. In the future, further experiments with plants should be conducted to determine the other advantages and disadvantages of using these two methods of pre-composting prior to vermicomposting.
Natela Dvalishvili
Georgian Technical University, Georgia
Title: Impact of incineration of municipal solid waste on climate change in Georgia
Time : 16:15-16:30
Biography:
Natela Dvalishvili has completed her PhD from Iakob Gogebashvili Telavi State University and Postdoctoral studies from Institute of Hydrometeorology of Georgian National Academy of Sciences of Ecology. She is the main Scientist of Department of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Prognosis of Institute of Hydrometeorology of Georgian Technical University. She has published more than 30 papers in reputed journals and is the Head and expert of more projects.
Abstract:
Currently, the improvement of solid waste management in Georgia implying harmonization of the on-going process of the development of waste management in Georgia with the European waste management policy is one of the state priorities. At present up to 90% of wastes generated in country are disposed without any separation and any reduce procedures. To improve waste management practices in Georgia, the Law on “Waste Management Code” was enacted on January 15, 2015, as well as “The National Waste Management Strategy for 2016-2020” and “The National Waste Management Action Plan for 2016-2020” were approved by the Resolution on April 1, 2016 of the Government of Georgia. The goal of our project was inventory of methane from waste sector of Georgia by uses of IPCC 2006 methodology. The results of our studies showed that, with the gradual implementation of measures incineration of municipal solid waste in accordance with the law documents, methane emissions from Georgia's landfills in the period 2021-2030 decrease by an average of 6%.