Day 2 :
Keynote Forum
Lutfor Rahman
Independent University Bangladesh, Bangladesh
Keynote: Two new approaches to management of solid tannery waste
Time : 09:00-09:45
Biography:
Lutfor Rahman has obtained his PhD in 1969 at the University of Cambridge under the supervision of Late Professor J W Linnett FRS. He was awarded a Commonwealth Academic Staff Fellowship in 1974 to pursue Postdoctoral research in UK. He has been a Full Professor since 1980. In addition to academic jobs he has held administrative positions like Chairman of a Department, Dean of a Faculty, Pro-Vice Chancellor and Vice Chancellor of a University. Basically a Physical Chemist, his research interests include kinetics, catalysis and environmental chemistry.
Abstract:
Disposal of huge amounts of solid tannery waste is a formidable problem. In Bangladesh, the solid tannery waste has been traditionally disposed off through landfills. Animal feed manufacturers somehow discovered the potential of these wastes to be used in feeds because of their protein content. However, the possible transfer of the toxicity of this waste to common food items like chicken, eggs and fish gave a scare after the publication of some research articles by a number of local scientists. This created a hue and cry and eventually led to the ban on the use of tannery waste in poultry feed. The tannery industries will now have to dump these wastes in properly-constructed expensive landfills. It is unfortunate that such a protein-rich resource is being dumped rather than being utilized. This has prompted a group of scientists of the University of Northampton, England to come forward with an elaborate procedure of removing chromium altogether from the solid waste before using it in the poultry feed. We are proposing an alternative idea in which the formation of highly toxic Cr(VI) will be prevented by taking proper steps at different stages of production of leather and feed. It is estimated that the amount of Cr(III) that enters chicken, eggs and fish through the feed would cause no health risk to consumers. The second approach may be appropriate for Bangladesh. The dumping of solid waste in landfills is not practicable and not in conformity with the present-day idea of industrial symbiosis.
Keynote Forum
A K M Maksud
Grambangla Unnayan Committee, Bangladesh
Keynote: Contribution of the waste pickers of Dhaka city in recycling and waste management
Time : 09:45-10:30
Biography:
A K M Maksud has completed his MSS degree in Sociology from the University of Dhaka and is a student of LLB from the University of London. He has worked as Team Leader for more than 50 social research studies for Government, UN agencies and International NGOs. For the last 19 years, he has been working as the Chief Executive of Grambangla Unnayan Committee (GUC), a nationally reputed NGO.
Abstract:
Waste pickers of Dhaka City collect wastes from households, streets, dustbins, dump sites and sell those to the recycling chain. It is a self-employment opportunity for the urban poor. According to an estimate of Grambangla Unnayan Committee there are 400,000 waste pickers in Bangladesh. Dhaka, a city of around 18 million people and 360 km2 area generates more than 10,000 tons of solid waste every day. The rate of per capita solid waste generation is 0.56 kg. About 15% of the total generated waste is being recycled by the waste pickers. Government sources mentioned that only in Dhaka city, 120,000 poor people are engaged in recycling and reusing wastes and from that business, the country earns approximately US$ 0.2 billion per year. Waste pickers also work with more than 12,000 push vans for collecting kitchen and other inorganic wastes from the household level. Waste pickers’ efforts help create thousands of jobs in recycling industry and reduce the use of virgin resources. Bangladesh earns millions of dollars from exporting recycled plastic bottles. Using plastic and rubber wastes now more than 1000 factories are in production and creating jobs and saving national import expenses. Recycling and reusing of garment factories' wastes created hundreds of new shops, factories and about 150,000 new jobs. Waste pickers contribute free labor for waste collection, recycling and mitigation of climate change effects, but their contribution is invisible in official statistics and they are excluded from the national social security system.
Keynote Forum
Padma Singh
Gurukul Kangri University, India
Keynote: Screening of bacteria for bioplastic production
Time : 10:45-11:30
Biography:
Padma Singh is a Professor and Head of the Department of Microbiology, Girls Campus, Gurukul Kangri University, India. She has obtained her MSc degree (Gold Medal) and PhD from Jiwaji University, Gwalior (MP). She has published more than 80 research papers and review articles in various national and international journals. She has been honored with National APSI Award and Gold Medal in 2005-06 for organizing APSI national conference. She is a Member of various academic professional bodies like AMI, IBS, ISCA, DUBS, APSI, and was awarded FAPSI and FBS. Her major research includes antimicrobial potential interest of medicinal plant, biodeterioration, bioremediation and biodegradation.
Abstract:
About 140 million tons of plastic are consumed every year worldwide, which necessitates the processing of approximately 150 million tons of fossil fuels and directly causes immense amounts of waste that can take thousands of years to naturally deteriorate, if it degrades at all. Bacteria have the ability to produce bioplastics in the form of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and they are capable of producing PHA from various carbon sources ranging from inexpensive, complex waste effluents to alkanes, fatty acids, plant oils and as well as simple carbohydrates. The major barrier to wide acceptance of bioplastic is the high cost, particularly carbonaceous raw materials (40%) and polymer recovery (26%). Therefore, the aim of the present study is to focusing on identification of alternative cost effective substrate for the production of PHA. Isolation of bacterial strains for the screening of PHA producing ability carried out by using different oils as carbon source. The samples were collected from edible and lubricating oil contaminated soil from garage and workshop. Isolation of bacterial strain was performed by serial dilution, spread plate and enrichment technique. Screening was carried out by the Nile Blue A and Sudan Black B staining. The total number of colony forming unit was 134×105 to 3×108 (Edible oil) and 75×105 to 26×108 (Lubricating oil). Out of 21 isolates from edible oil and lubricating oil, 2 bacterial strain (E.O 1 and E.O 4) were fluoresce on plate with Nile blue A indicates the positive result and show characteristic granule with Sudan Black B, indicating the presence of PHAs. Bacterial strains were identified as Pseudomonas sp., (edible oil), -rods and Bacillus sp. (Lubricating oil), +rods. Production of PHA through these strains will be carried out to get the sufficient amount of bioplastic.
- Plastic Waste Recycling| Waste Water Recycling |Industrial Waste Recycling|Waste Recycling Management| Waste Disposal Practices | Waste to Energy
Location: Seletar Room 1, Level 3
Chair
Lutfor Rahman
Independent University Bangladesh
Co-Chair
A K M Maksud
Grambangla Unnayan Committee, Bangladesh
Session Introduction
Ahmed Al-Busaidi
Sultan Qaboos University, Oman
Title: Reuse and assessment of municipal wastes
Time : 11:45-12:15
Biography:
Ahmed Al-Busaidi is a Researcher in Department of Soils, Water and Agricultural Engineering, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman. He has obtained his PhD (2007) in Bioenvironmental Science at Tottori University, Japan. He has more than 40 publications to his credit.
Abstract:
Oman Haya Water Company has developed its pioneering Kala Composting Plant to enable the efficient reuse of sewage bio-solids and green waste enabling their conversion to a compost product that can be used for agriculture, landscaping and energy generation. With Kala Compost the company is achieving the twin benefits of finding a practical way to reuse water and green waste that will benefit farmers, municipal authorities and individual gardeners, while finding a way to process waste that prevents the build-up of greenhouse gases, however high application of sewage biosolids could result in heavy metals accumulation and many health problems. Therefore, sewage biosolids applied to agricultural land must be treated and tested to determine nutrient content and to ensure they meet provincial quality standards. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different fertilizers especially Kala compost on the quality of soil and crops. Moreover, utilize Kala compost for biogas generation. The study was conducted at Sultan Qaboos University, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Agricultural Experiments Station open field with six commercial crops (cucumber, tomato, cabbage, lettuce, carrot and potato). Kala application improved soil physiochemical properties by increasing the water-holding capacity, reducing soil bulk density and adding mix nutrients compared to NPK fertilizer. Good plant growth was observed with higher plant production and better water productivity in Kala compared to NPK treatments. Generally, it can be concluded that Kala compost was a good media for plant growth supporting plant with many elements needed for high production. Chemical analysis did not show any problem of heavy metal accumulation either in soil or plant samples. Biologically, all tested crops were free from any microbial contamination. Using Kala compost as a fertilizer will support organic farming practices but farmers should evaluate its applicability with long run applications. The second phase of the project is to convert Kala compost to liquid fertilizer and produce biogas for energy generation.
Augustine Quek
National University of Singapore, Singapore
Title: Sustainable solutions for urban waste streams
Time : 12:15-12:45
Biography:
Augustine Quek is the Program Manager of the E2S2-CREATE program. He has held various positions from Post-doctoral Researcher to faculty position. His research has dealt with converting various solid wastes streams into useful materials which include converting waste rubber tyres into wastewater treatment adsorbents, hydrothermal treatment of horticultural wastes and utilizing incineration bottom ash (IBA) for land reclamation.
Abstract:
The notion of waste is apparent yet elusive in definition, resources out of place and things that no one wants are commonly cited but these definitions do not relate to negative environmental impacts of anthropogenic wastes. Waste is anything that pollutes is a starting point to examine the numerous wastes from cities that require sustainable solutions. This presentation will offer solutions for numerous urban waste streams such as food waste, sewage sludge and waste heat. These solutions include a high-efficiency three-stage anaerobic digester and a pilot, 1000-L anaerobic digester that converts food waste on campus to biogas. The performance of demonstration-scale gasifiers with commercial partners to treat horticultural waste will also be revealed. The technology for adsorptive cooling and dehumidification uses waste heat of lower-quality than current available technologies can, without sacrificing performance. These solutions were developed under the E2S2-CREATE programmer, a joint collaborative program between Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) and the National University of Singapore (NUS) under the Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE) framework. To date, we have achieved a number of sustainable solutions for coupled problems in the field of waste management and emerging contaminants for Singapore and other megacities in Asia and around the world. E2S2 has conducted research and data collection in two sites of different size and complexity-the megacity of Shanghai and land-scarce Singapore.
Lingai Luo
French National Center for Scientific Research, France
Title: Thermal waste recovery by thermal energy storage and by heat energy transportation over long distance
Time : 12:45-13:15
Biography:
Lingai Luo is a Research Director of French National Center for Scientific Research at the Laboratory of Thermal Science and Energy, Nantes (LTEN), France. She is mainly engaged in the intensification of heat and mass transfer and shape optimization in different energy components, systems and processes. She is the author of 2 books and over 100 journal articles. She is the Head of a research group of LTEN “Transfers in Fluids et Energy Systems" and was the Head of Laboratory of Design Optimization and Environmental Engineering (LOCIE) of CNRS and University of Savoy, France. She was the Cofounder and Coordinator of Sino-French Collaboratory for Environmental and Process Engineering and is the Head of Sino-French Laboratory for Sustainable Energy of French CNRS and Chinese Academy of Sciences. She is also an invited Professor at 5 Chinese universities/institutions and Leuphana University at Lüneburg, Germany. She is a Subject Editor of Elsevier journal Energy and Member of Editorial Board of Renewable Energy and Associate Editor of Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering and of Frontiers in Built Environment.
Abstract:
Industrial activities have a huge potential for waste heat recycling. Recovery of heat and cold including low temperature is a very important strategy for improved energy efficiency in industry. Heat and cold recovery technologies are instrumental for intra-plant optimization and inter-plant integration to enable cascade use of heat (or cold) between cross-sectorial plants in industrial parks and with district heating/cooling networks. In spite of its high potential, industrial waste heat is currently underutilized. This may be due, on one hand, to the technical and economic difficulties in applying conventional heat recovery methods and, on the other, the temporary or geographical mismatch between the energy released and its heat demand. Thermal energy storage is a technology which can solve the existing mismatch by recovering the thermal waste and storing it for a later use. The heat energy often needs to be transported because the supply of heat is usually located apart from the demand. However, how to efficiently transport the heat energy over long distance is a real challenge. At the same time, there is a great deal of low-grade and middle-grade heat energies, such as solar energy, geothermal energy and waste heat from industries and power plants, kept unused due to the relatively low thermal grade and long distance to the user sites. Therefore, developing efficient methods to overcome the transportation problems of the low-grade and middle-grade heat over long distance would contribute significantly to the reduction in energy consumption. The case study presented focuses on the possibility of heat waste recovery by thermal energy storage technology and by a new heat transportation concept over long distances.
N Buachidze and Kh Chikviladze
Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation, Georgia
Title: The chemical and microbiological analysis of the uncontrolled landfill sites in Eastern Georgia and its impact on the pollution of the surrounding areas
Time : 14:00-14:30
Biography:
Nugzari buachide and Khatuna Chikviladze are Senior Scientific Researchers at the Institute of Hydrometeorology of the Georgian Technical University. They are currently involved in the project “Impact of uncontrolled landfills on the territory of Georgia on the ecology of adjacent areas”.
Abstract:
Presently in Georgia, there are 56 official landfills for non-hazardous waste off which only 36 are operating. However, it should be noted that there is no official landfill for construction waste or an operational landfill for hazardous waste. There are many uncontrolled landfills in Georgia. They are near resided territories, in the Gorges and near rivers. You can often meet hazardous waste on the landfills because Georgian legislation does not regulate hazardous waste management. Thus, uncontrolled landfills represent huge threat for regional population. Local governments in the regions and especially in villages cannot provide high-level cleaning service that results in different territories of accumulated dumped waste by years and amount. Often uncontrolled landfills are located near resided territories. Moreover, hazardous waste can also be dumped in the areas of uncontrolled landfills that may create a number of health-related problems for the population of the regions. In the framework of the study, the following types of work were carried out: Inventory of uncontrolled landfills on the territory of the eastern Georgia; identification of the hottest spots of the adjacent territories; identification of the list of pollutant ingredients common for landfills; in laboratory conditions analyzed samples (soil and water) were determined (heavy metals: Cu, Zn, As, Pb, Cd, Hg and intestine bacteria: E. coli, total coliforms, fecal streptococci); the analysis of physical and chemical parameters (pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, salinity and oxygen dissolved in water) of the so-called field analysis on the first day were carried out with the use of the latest mobile device. The results obtained (as in the laboratory as well as field) have been evaluated by the study group members and have made conclusions on the impact of uncontrolled landfills on the pollution of the surrounding territories and the health of people residing in the regions of their hazardous quality.
Barbara Kemigisa
Pill Power Uganda, Uganda
Title: Environment conservation through recycling empty ARV bottles into artifacts: A case study of Pill Power Uganda
Time : 14:30-15:00
Biography:
Barbara Kemigisa is an HIV Activist, Student Counselor at Makerere University Business School and Founder of Pill Power Uganda. She has a certificate in ICT and Community Leadership. She is very innovative and passionate about creating change and making impact in her community.
Abstract:
Uganda has over 1.5 million people living with HIV. 938,000 and more are on ARVs and with treat and test campaign; it is believed that the number will soon be overwhelming. There is need to innovate ways of reducing the effect these bottles have on our environment especially since many people living with HIV are ashamed to be seen with the bottles leaving many bottles dumped in pit latrines, burnt or buried in gardens. Recycling these bottles has proved to be a cost effective approach that can be adopted by many young people in Uganda and the world to create opportunities for jobs and protect the environment. Used-up ARV bottles are collected through pill power units in different HIV treatment and care centers. The bottles are then made into baskets, dust bins, lamp shades, wind chimes and baby toys joined using wire mesh and glue. A Pill Power Unit is a group of young people living with HIV. Each unit is made up of 10 members. These Units are created in places where youth go for treatment and other services.
Faraz Farhidi
Georgia State University, USA
Title: Impacts of the renewable energy and recycling on the sustainability of economic growth
Time : 15:00-15:30
Biography:
Faraz Farhidi is currently a PhD candidate of Economics at the Andrew Young School of Policy Studies at Georgia State University, USA. He has graduated with BS in Marine Engineering, followed by MA in Economics. His broader research interests include environmental and energy economics, growth theory, labor economics, as well as urban economics. His work focuses on energy consumption and its impacts on the environmental and societal degradation.
Abstract:
Statement mainstream economists have used various growth models to predict the interaction between sustainable economic growth and the endless accumulation of capital while environmental concerns and their negative externalities are left out, in most cases. In this paper, I present a structural economic model that explicitly allows for the interaction between an economy and an ecosystem. The proposed model indicates that given a wide range of development and socio-economic infrastructure-while population growth might be a reason for the constant growth trajectory, it has an adverse effect due to the constraints of resources and the environment. This is because economic activities and population growth increase ecological disordering as they downgrade the environment, while the later element has a negative impact on living standards. Considering different scenarios of utilizing renewable energy for economic growth, a feasible endurance factor for sustainable development might promote the methods of using the substituted energy and recycling methods. This, however, cannot be accomplished given the current speed and direction of technological progress and energy utilization and waste management.
Y H Liu
Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Title: Reuse of activated sludge as water retention substrate for combating desertification
Time : 15:45-16:15
Biography:
Yaohui Liu has completed his PhD from The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong. He is currently a Teaching Fellow in the Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong. He holds over 10 publications in rated journals and has in-charged over 15 water and wastewater consultancy projects in Hong Kong and China Mainland.
Abstract:
Desertification has been a worldwide environmental problem due to the loss of land productivity, essentially water retention capacity. In wastewater treatment aspect, dewatering and disposal of excessive activated sludge are always annoying issues that increase capital and operational cost for the treatment plant. As a win-win strategy, this study aims to develop a novel growing medium, the Eco-Soil, produced from the combination of arid sand and thickened activated sludge, to rebuild the land productivity from the margin of the arid area. This paper presents the hydraulic properties of the Eco-Soil under Sand-Sludge Volumetric Ratio (SSVR) of 100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60 and 80:20 and the comparison with commercial potting soil to find out fundamental theories for in-deep study, such as numeric modeling and micro-ecosystem. Dry bulking density, particle density, porosity, particle size distribution, field capacity and saturated moisture content, residual moisture content and permeability were analyzed to find out numerical relationship of these properties affected with respect of SSVR. The Eco-Soil properties were compared with that of the commercial potting soil and agricultural references. Thereafter, the seed germination index analysis was carried out to study the phytotoxicity of Eco-Soil under various SSVRs. Based on the comprehensive analysis; Eco-Soil of SSVR 60:40 and 40:60 showed suitable physical properties and plant affinity for anti-desertification.
Wei-Cheng Wang
National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
Title: Experimental study of fast pyrolysis of rice husk in a fluidized bed reactor
Time : 16:15-16:45
Biography:
Wei-Cheng Wang has completed his Master’s degree at the Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics in Lehigh University, PA, USA and PhD at the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering in North Carolina State University, USA. He has worked in National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA for 2 years. He is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. His research interests are energy conversion and system integration. He has published 27 papers in peer-reviewed journals.
Abstract:
In this study, system development and experimental investigation were conducted for the fluidized bed fast pyrolysis of rice husk. The design of a fluidized bed pyrolysis system, including a fluidized bed reactor, a feeder, a cyclone and a condenser was developed in detail for the purpose of improving the system performance and efficiency. Rice husk was chosen as the feedstock based on its availability in Taiwan. The product distributions were studied with varying temperature, carrier gas flow rate and biomass feeding. The results showed that the optimal experimental conditions for obtaining the maximum bio-oil yield were at the temperature between 400 oC and 450 oC, the flow rate of 45 L/min and biomass feeding of 21.3 g per inject time. The analysis of GC-MS indicated that the major components of bio-oil contain n-hexadecanoic acid, octadecaoic acid, 9-octadecenoic acid and decanoic acid. The element and property analysis of bio-oil demonstrated that the bio-oil has high oxygen content and low heating value. The analysis of GC-TCD showed that the major components of non-condensable gas are CO2, H2, CH4 and N2.
- Hazardous Waste Management|Waste to Energy| Recycling Business|Plastic Waste Recycling | Paper Recycling|Printing Waste Recycling|Rubber Recycling
Location: Seletar Foyer
Chair
Ann T W Yu
Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
Co-Chair
Ameer A Al-Haddad
Kuwait University, Kuwait
Session Introduction
Mohamed Shehata
Hokkaido University, Japan
Title: Novel method for removal Pb+2 from drinking water using recombinant E. coli
Time : 11:30-12:00
Biography:
Mohamed Shehata has completed his Masters in Water Pollution from Al-Azhar University, Egypt. His research was about the water quality of Lake El-Manzala (one of the biggest and economic lakes in Egypt providing 30% of total fish production). He is interested in finding an efficient and cheap way for removing lead from the water
Abstract:
Recycling of drinking water is one the biggest concern for many of developing countries due to the shortage of clean or renewable water. Low-quality drinking water has been cited as an important factor of many of chronic and acute diseases which effects health and economic situation in different countries. In Egypt, the contamination of drinking water with heavy metals reported as a strong reason for chronic diseases such as renal failure, liver cirrhosis, hair loss and chronic anemia. The existence methods for heavy metals removal from drinking water including coagulation, flocculation or filtration are not efficient to remove some metals like Pb, Cd and Cr properly. In this work, we propose genetically modified bacteria that have an ability to adsorb low concentrations of Pb+2 from drinking water with 100% efficiency. After adsorption, bacteria could be removed from circumstance using filtration resulting in water free of Pb+2 and bacteria. Metallothionein and lead binding protein were transformed independently or together as a fusion protein with Ag43 auto transporter system to be secreted outside bacterial cells and exposed to adsorb (lead) Pb+2 from contaminated water. Antigen 43 gene (Ag43) which consists of two domains, α (secreted outside bacterial cells) and β (making a barrel structure in cell wall) has been modified as a fusion protein system. Using this ability to expose protein outside bacterial cell, we replaced α-domain of Ag43 with Metallothionein (Mt), Lead Binding Protein (LBP) or both Mt-Pb domains. After incubating the clones expressing wild type Ag43, Ag43 without α-domain (AT), AT with Mt (AT-Mt), AT with LBP (AT-Pb) and AT with Mt and LBP (AT-Mt-Pb) with water containing 100 mg/l of Pb+2, the remains amounts of Pb+2 were 32.2, 49.5, 18.1, 11.9 and 3.1 mg/l, respectively after one hour incubation and 31.17, 37.17, 7.67, 1.67 and 0.0 mg/l, respectively after 12 hours incubation. These findings considered as a promising specific and efficient method for removing Pb+2 from contaminated water.
Le Zhang
National University of Singapore, Singapore
Title: Effect of adding small amount of food waste on biogas production and microbial community structure during anaerobic digestion of discarded sludge pretreated yard waste
Time : 12:00-12:30
Biography:
Le Zhang is currently a PhD candidate in Department of Chemical and Bio-molecular Engineering from National University of Singapore. His research field is biogas production from anaerobic digestion of solid organic wastes, including food waste, yard waste, etc.
Abstract:
In order to promote biogas production from anaerobic digestion of yard waste (YW), an integrated method coupled adding small amount of food waste (FW) with discarded sludge pretreatment (DSP) was investigated. DSP experiment was firstly conducted, where pH, cellulose and hemicellulose of mixture were dynamically tested to determine optimal additive amount of FW as 10 wt.%. Subsequently, anaerobic batch fermentation of pretreated YW with different percentage of FW was conducted to investigate effect of FW on methane production and microbial community structure. Results indicated that, 3-4 days was the optimal pretreatment period. 10 wt.% FW addition significantly improved methane yield of YW with DSP by 124%. Beneficial microbial community components were significantly enhanced by adding 10 wt.% FW, thereby more cellulose and hemicellulose were digested.
Xin Xu
Seoul National University, South Korea
Title: Assessment of hydraulic conductivity of waste landfill liner materials by using modified bentonite under sea water condition
Time : 12:30-13:00
Biography:
Xin Xu is currently a PhD candidate at Seoul National University and his major is Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. His research is about development of technology for offshore waste final disposal.
Abstract:
Leachates resulting from the waste landfill of waste can possibly cause the secondary environmental pollution. Liner has been installed in the reclaimed land of waste to block and purify permeation water flowing into groundwater and environment. This research is to develop spherical particle liner system by using modified bentonite for offshore waste final disposal. The particles include of core materials and coating materials which have high swelling capacity and low permeability. Liner materials should have high water resistance capacity and permeability coefficient below 1×10-7 cm/s under sea water condition. In this study, the core materials coated by the mixture of bentonite, sepiolite and guar gum to overcome the weak points of bentonite. Drying shrinkage cracking test and swelling index test was estimated to find the optimal mixing ratio of bentonite, sepiolite and guar gum. The hydraulic conductivity of the particle was also evaluated by using the rigid-wall permeameter. Through drying shrinkage cracking test results, we have found the content of sepiolite in the bentonite-sepiolite mixture is 15%. From free swelling test results, when weight ratios of guar gum in coating materials exceeding 7.5%, the swelling index of coating materials under sea water condition was higher than bentonite-sepiolite mixture without guar gum under fresh water condition. When weight ratios of guar gum exceeding 5% in coating materials, the hydraulic conductivity of the coating materials from rigid-wall permeameter was below 1.0×10-7 cm/s under sea water condition. The hydraulic conductivity of particles was below 1.0×10-7 cm/s by using rigid-wall permeameter.
Alvin Ee Wei Lianga
National University of Singapore, Singapore
Title: Extended inherent safety index: Inclusion of biological inherent safety index
Time : 14:00-14:30
Biography:
Alvin Ee Wei Lianga is a Research Engineer with the National University of Singapore, Singapore. His research interest is in the area of safety, health and environment. He has received Process Safety Award in 2016 from Institute of Chemical Engineering, Singapore.
Abstract:
With the increase in global population, more wastes are generated requiring new waste management strategies to be introduced in order to support conventional waste treatment facilities. These strategies rely on the diversification of waste treatment technologies which are no longer deployed exclusively as centralized facilities of large capacity, but can be integrated in decentralized manner. One of the key concerns with selection of waste treatment methods is safety. This is critical for different waste treatment plants: Large capacity plants outside of cities can generate risk of important release of contaminant, such as dioxins, while decentralized small capacity plants can introduce risks through their proximity to urban community. However, limited number of tools includes safety assessment in the conceptual design stage of waste management system helping to tackle potential safety issue at minimum cost. In addition, no tool is able to assess both inherent safety of chemical and biological processes profile of the treatment options, and hence, unable to provide a fair comparison across different waste-treatment technologies. Indeed, currently available tools are designed for a single type of process and involve different evaluation parameters and scoring procedures. This motivates the development of the Extended Inherent Safety Index (EISI) for a comprehensive safety assessment of chemical and biological processes involved in waste-treatment. The proposed tool applicability to assess safety profile of both chemical and biological process is tested with case studies, comprising of food waste treatment technologies in Singapore. It helps to identify safety hotspots within each processes leading to improvements recommendations.
Tong Huanhuan
National University of Singapore, Singapore
Title: Harvest green energy through energy recovery from waste: The story of Singapore
Time : 14:30-15:00
Biography:
The increasing challenge in waste disposal and high dependency on imported fossil fuel has compelled Singapore to make continuous efforts in advancing waste to energy (WTE) technology, which could ensure sustainable development on one hand and energy resilience on the other hand. This paper summarized current WTE practice and research trend in Singapore, covering anaerobic digestion (AD), gasification, combustion based biomass combined heat and power (CHP) production and incineration with the aim to define future perspectives of Singapore WTE application. Among the different aspects assessed, source-separated food waste (FW) and brown water presented the biggest energy potential if AD rather than incineration was adopted. Given that the purity of source separated waste determines the extent of recovered energy, suggestions are made to increase the participating rate in source separation among Singapore residents, such as environmental education through social media and phone apps and proper facilities installation at household and community.
Abstract:
The increasing challenge in waste disposal and high dependency on imported fossil fuel has compelled Singapore to make continuous efforts in advancing waste to energy (WTE) technology, which could ensure sustainable development on one hand and energy resilience on the other hand. This paper summarized current WTE practice and research trend in Singapore, covering anaerobic digestion (AD), gasification, combustion based biomass combined heat and power (CHP) production and incineration with the aim to define future perspectives of Singapore WTE application. Among the different aspects assessed, source-separated food waste (FW) and brown water presented the biggest energy potential if AD rather than incineration was adopted. Given that the purity of source separated waste determines the extent of recovered energy, suggestions are made to increase the participating rate in source separation among Singapore residents, such as environmental education through social media and phone apps and proper facilities installation at household and community.
Anshu Priya
Indian Institute of Technology Patna, India
Title: Recycling based comprehensive characterization of waste printed circuit boards of various brown and white goods
Time : 15:00-15:30
Biography:
Anshu Priya is a PhD Scholar at the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, India. She has earned her BSc in Industrial Microbiology and MSc in Biotechnology. She is working on characterization, management and recovery of metals from electronic waste with special emphasis on bioleaching of metals from end-of-life electrical and electronic equipments. Her research interest includes areas of bio hydrometallurgy, environmental biotechnology, microbiology, molecular biology and metal-microbe interactions.
Abstract:
Comprehensive characterization of printed circuit board (PCB) of end-of-life electrical and electronic equipment (EEEs) is critical attribute in determination of resource content of e-waste for recycling. Though PCBs in e-waste are documented as valuable secondary metals reservoir, precise information related to their physical and chemical characteristics including metals content encompassing various brands of waste EEEs is sparse in the existing literature. Thus, the main objective of this research is to comprehensively characterize two brands of PCBs from each of 16 end-of-life EEEs classified as brown and white goods for general and precious metals along with moisture content, volatile matter and pH for recycling purpose. Results revealed that large percent share of waste PCBs of brown goods are occupied by general elements such as Cu (highest: 23 wt. % in laptop), Al (highest: 6 wt. % in computer), Pb (highest: 15 wt. % in DVD player) and Ba (highest: 7 wt. % in TV), which make them rich secondary resource. Precious metals, Au and Ag were found to be prevalent in brown goods PCBs with highest content of Au in mobile phone (316 g/ton) and Ag in laptop (636 g/ton). It can be inferred from the study that brown goods PCBs will serve as potential resource reservoir than white goods for the purpose of metals recycling owing to their higher content of general and precious metals. Comprehensive characterization of waste PCBs of brown and white goods thus helps to develop analogy between metals content and prioritization of metals for recycling to ensure efficient resource circulation
Jae-Hoon Lee
Korea Environment Corporation, South Korea
Title: Suitableness assessment of solid fuels through the analysis for moisture and low-heating value in domestic manufactures
Time : 15:45-16:00
Biography:
Jae-Hoon Lee has completed his Masters from In-Ha University majoring Environmental Engineering. Presently, he is in charge of the analysis of waste and SRF (Solid Refuse Fuels) in Korea Environment Corporation.
Abstract:
The purpose of this study is to investigate the actual use value for an alternative energy resource as analyzing the correlation between moisture and low-heating value for waste solid fuels. The types of solid fuels produced in various manufacturing facilities are divided into two categories of Bio-SRF (Solid Refuse Fuels) and SRF including in pellet and fluff type. According to the specific classification of samples, It is determined that 68 from SRF of pellet type, 53 from SRF of fluff type, 25 from Bio-SRF of pellet type and 86 from Bio-SRF of fluff type has been statistically examined at the total of 234 samples. In result of measurement on moisture and low-heating value, 7.4% SRF of the pellet type samples, 18.9% SRF of the fluff type samples, 16.0% Bio-SRF of the pellet type samples and 9.3% Bio-SRF of the fluff type samples could not meet the criteria for the quality and grade. In total, 11.6% of samples were failed. Especially, five samples out of the total 27, which was exceeding, were found to be highly affected by low-heating value due to moisture. In conclusion, we consider that the most of solid fuel, which was approximately 88.6%, is included within the standard of Korea.
Edmundo Arturo Pérez GodÃnez
Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Mexico
Title: Evaluation of the quality of vermicompost after two methods of pre-composting several zoo animal dung and their growth and reproductive index of Eisenia foetida (Sav.)
Time : 16:00-16:15
Biography:
Edmundo Arturo Pérez-Godínez has his expertise in management and recycling of organic matter and producer of organic fertilizers. He is the Founding Member of the Program of Genetic Resources and Alternative Cultures PREGECA from 1995 to date. He is in charge of the Institutional Laboratory of Edible Mushrooms of the Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Trainer in production of organic fertilizers and cultivation of edible fungi and has certificate of Labor Competence of Unit issued by the National Council of Standardization and Certification of Labor Competences (CONOCER). He is the Founder of the Competence Evaluation Center at the Continuing Education Center (CEC) 2008.
Abstract:
The increasing amount of zoo animal dung generated quantities of 26.71 ton per year which are disposed on the Board of Xochiaca, Mexico. Their management of waste disposal such as land filling, open dumping or open burning are unsustainable owing to loading and production of certain toxic substances and gases from the wastes, which may have potential adverse effects on the environment, health and biodiversity. In this study, samples of four zoo animals’ dungs (elephants, rhinoceros, hippopotamus and lion) and one horse dung was pre-composted in two ways: (1) Traditional composting and (2) Bokashi pre-composting for 1 month, followed by vermicomposting for 3 months. The permanence (PEf) and reproductive potential (RP) of Eisenia foetida as well as the quality of vermicomposting were evaluated. The PEf values and RP index of E. foetida were higher for samples pre-composted using the traditional composting method (98.7-88% and 31.85-16.27%, respectively) followed by vermicomposting (92.7-72.7% and 22.96-13.51%, respectively), when compared with those for bokashi pre-composted samples followed by vermicomposting, except for the horse dung sample (100% for both the parameters). The values of electrical conductivity (EC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic C, total N, available P, C/N ratio and pH showed that both treatments achieved the norms of vermicompost. However, vermicomposting after bokashi pre-composting produced the highest values of %OM loss, %N loss and CEC/OC ratio, when compared with those achieved by vermicomposting after pre-composting using the traditional composting method. The two methods applied in the present study appear to be a good alternative to treat zoo animal dung waste and convert it into valuable nutritional material for plants. In the future, further experiments with plants should be conducted to determine the other advantages and disadvantages of using these two methods of pre-composting prior to vermicomposting.
Natela Dvalishvili
Georgian Technical University, Georgia
Title: Impact of incineration of municipal solid waste on climate change in Georgia
Time : 16:15-16:30
Biography:
Natela Dvalishvili has completed her PhD from Iakob Gogebashvili Telavi State University and Postdoctoral studies from Institute of Hydrometeorology of Georgian National Academy of Sciences of Ecology. She is the main Scientist of Department of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Prognosis of Institute of Hydrometeorology of Georgian Technical University. She has published more than 30 papers in reputed journals and is the Head and expert of more projects.
Abstract:
Currently, the improvement of solid waste management in Georgia implying harmonization of the on-going process of the development of waste management in Georgia with the European waste management policy is one of the state priorities. At present up to 90% of wastes generated in country are disposed without any separation and any reduce procedures. To improve waste management practices in Georgia, the Law on “Waste Management Code” was enacted on January 15, 2015, as well as “The National Waste Management Strategy for 2016-2020” and “The National Waste Management Action Plan for 2016-2020” were approved by the Resolution on April 1, 2016 of the Government of Georgia. The goal of our project was inventory of methane from waste sector of Georgia by uses of IPCC 2006 methodology. The results of our studies showed that, with the gradual implementation of measures incineration of municipal solid waste in accordance with the law documents, methane emissions from Georgia's landfills in the period 2021-2030 decrease by an average of 6%.